View source for Fén Ghir

''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú chím lú ba lú lé bhoc del lór me dí cór tol. En gar dí me gon."''-Lúdhí Fén Ógil Níradh.

"We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song.     


==Introduction==

This is my first attempt at a conlang, originally conceived as a part of a larger game that never took off. It is the only language from the game that reached anything nearing completion. Inspiration and influence were drawn both from my earliest impression of Irish while falling back on my stronger knowledge of English and French. The grammar was largely completed before I had much experience with linguistic theory or the conlanging community, thus while functional it may be somewhat backwards at times and occaisionally lacks for easy terms to descripe itself.

===General information===

The language is designed for a conworld and as such aims to be as unique as possible. However as both an early conlang and due to initial worries for aesthetic features as well as content it draws heavily on a few sources;

Irish Gaelic served as the largest inspiration, more obviously in regards to grammatical lenition, Head first and phonology in general. English and French are heavy influences as well due to my stronger knowledge of them. Japanese also served as an indirect influence through a conlang which served as my first basis for an apriori constructed language.

Some aspects are new, largely aiming towards simplification while remaining unique; the isolating aspect, copula and relative clauses are unique to the language and derived from my desire to keep things as simple and categorical as possible.

Morphemes originally were derived by mixing French, Irish and English words beyond the point of recognition. This was later largely supplanted both with the use of randomized generators and compounds and other mutations derived from these morphemes.

===Fén history===

Derived from the Galav culture which spread far during the early iron age. The Fén came about as the Galav spread over what would come to be known as Nílíra or the Fén Highlands and eventually spread over the rest of the penisula. The Fén are the only remaining people of the Galav culture that retain complete cultural independance under a High King. They are in turn divided into six petty kingdoms and the northern island colonies, with four major cultural sub-groups and dialects. Culturally, they are adopting the style of their imperial neighbours and loan words along with it.

===To do===
"''Té dégep me gír cur tol fabhen pon éloc léc cíp dó dégep ghír.''"

"Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language."

Current Issues: 

*What purpose does accusative serve directly? Having been influenced heavily by Irish, Fén uses "cór", "del", "ce" and "dó" in the same way many languages use accusative. Currently in a lot of cases, it either emulates English or could be made into an adjective in many ways. It may be necessary to expand the case or else examine what uses remain for it.

*Could there be issues if Perfective is lost?

*Can Nér be removed in favour of Del? Hit against you v. Hit to you. Counter Example: "Race to the store against me", could this be worked around [or just the ambiguity of "Run to him" v. "Run against him"]

Also, vocabularly. Always more vocabularly.

==Phonology==

The following is a rough approximation of Címén Ghír, or "Sacred Fayn" which is used taught and used as a neutral dialect amongst the educated classes;

===Consonants===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|+Consonants
! colspan="1"|
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Post-Alveolar
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="1"|Nasal
|m
|n
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="1"|Stop
|p b
|t d
|
|k g
|
|-
! colspan="1"|Fricative
|f v
|s
|
|x
|h
|-
! colspan="1"|Affricate
|
|
|ʒ
|ɣ
|
|-
! colspan="1"|Approximant
|w
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="1"|Trill
|
|r
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="1"|Lateral app.
|
|l
|
|
|}

===Vowels===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
|+Vowels
! width="28%"|
! width="36%"|Front
! width="36%"|Back
|-
!Close
|i
|u
|-
!Near-Close
|ɪ
|ʊ
|-
!Close-mid
|e
|o
|-
!Open-mid
|ɛ
|
|-
!Open
|a a:
|ɑ ɑ:
|}

===Alphabet===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:400px;"
|+Fén Alphabet
! width="100"|Letter
! width="100"|Consonants
! width="100"|Lenition
! width="200"|Exceptions
|-
|b
|/b/
|/w/
|v at the end of the word and before i&e.
|-
|c
|/k/
|/x/
|/s/ before i&e.
|-
|d
|/d/
|/ʒ/
|
|-
|f
|/f/
|(silent)
|
|-
|g
|/g/
|/ɣ/
|
|-
|l
|/l/
| -
|
|-
|m
|/m/
|/w/
|
|-
|n
|/n/
| -
|
|-
|p
|/p/
|/f/
|
|-
|r
|/r/
| -
|
|-
|t
|/t/
|/h/
|
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
|+ Vowels
! width="100"|Vowel
! width="100"|Short
! width="100"|Long
|-
!A
|a
|a:
|-
!E
|ɛ
|e
|-
!I
|ɪ
|i
|-
!O
|ɑ
|o
|-
!U
|ʊ
|u
|}

===Irregularities===

The dialect represented here is the formal version of Fén which is resistant to external sandhi and as the dialect from which the written language is derived, most changes are reflected in spelling. However in the case of root words and compounds, it may be seen that some fronted vowels vowels are shifted before sonorants; i (/ɪ/) becomes í (/i/), e (/ɛ/) becomes é (/e/). In these cases an accent is usually added ignoring etymological rules.

This rule is also followed in the case of a and á, which are pronounced as /ɑ/ and /ɑ:/ respectively when prior to a sonorant with "a" indistinguishable from "o". This is the only Sandhi which is not recorded as some dialects offer alternate pronunciations which keep "a" distinguishable from "o".

===Phonotactics===

Compounds in Fén are constructed with strict sandhi rules, which reflect the fundamental phonotactic laws of Fén;

When the initial word ends with a consonant and the second begins with one, the consonant is dropped from the initial word and the consonant in the latter is lenited, if possible.

When the initial word ends with a vowel and the second begins with a vowel, the vowel is dropped from the initial word.

When the initial word ends with a consonant and the second begins with a vowel, the consonant and vowel become a few consonant.

When the initial word ends with a vowel and the second begins with a consonant, the structure remains unchanged.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
|+Merging Sandhi
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Initial Word
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Latter Word
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Final Word
|-
|CVC
|CVC
|CV(C)-LVC
|-
|V
|V
|(V)V
|-
|CVC
|V
|CV-CV
|-
|V
|CVC
|V-CVC
|}

In the above table, C represents a consonant, V a verb and L represents a lenitioned consonant when possible. Finally, bracketed letters are dropped.


Typical syllabic structure of a Fén word then is;

(V)-(CV)-(CV)-CVC-(V)

Lenition in these occurs in non-initial [and occaisionally initial] consonants due to historic merging and thus cannot necessarily be predicted. 

Exceptions occur rarely due to independant consonant vowels, where CVC-V-CVC structure can occur. This is rare however. Further exceptions may occur due to common endings such as ''én'', ''on'' or ''an'' which serve more as suffixes and thus do not interfere with syllable structure.

Similarly, there are exceptions outside of these words, typically amongst words who merged prior Pyrittyl-Galavic split. These are sometimes visible due to a lack of internal lenition, though that may occur for other reasons.

==Grammar==

===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Pronoun
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Fén
|-
|1st Sing.
|di
|-
|2nd Sing.
|re
|-
|3rd Sing.
|lo
|-
|1st Pl. [excl.]
|dí
|-
|1st Pl. [incl.]
|rí
|-
|2nd Pl.
|ré
|-
|3rd Pl.
|ló
|}

===Determiners===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
! colspan=10 | Fén Determiners
|-
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Proximal Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Distal  Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Alternative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Proximal Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Distal Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Alternative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Interrogative  Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Interrogative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner (Pl)
|-
|Ít
|Ítá
|Ítin
|Ítibh
|Ítábh
|Ítina
|At
|Ét
|Atibh
|Étibh
|-
|This
|That
|This Other Thing
|These
|Those
|These Other Things
|What?
|Which
|What? (pl)
|Those things which...
|-
|Ígel
|Ígelá
|Ígelin
|Ígelibh
|Ígelábh
|Ígelina
|Agel
|Égal
|Agelibh
|Égalibh
|-
|This Person
|That Person
|This Other Person
|These People
|Those People
|These Other People
|Who?
|Who
|Who Are They?
|Those Ones Who...
|-
|Bhoci
|Bhocá
|Bhocin
|Bhocibh
|Bhocábh
|Bhocina
|Abéc
|Ébéci
|Abécibh
|Ébécibh
|-
|Now
|Then
|This Other Time
|These Times
|Those Times
|These Other Times
|When?
|When
|Which Time?
|Those Times When...
|-
|Íc
|Ícá
|Ícin
|Ícibh
|Ícábh
|Ícina
|Acá
|Écá
|Acábh
|Écábh
|-
|Here
|There
|This Other Place
|These Places
|Those Places
|These other places
|Where?
|Where
|Which Places?
|Those Places Where...
|-
|Íloc
|Ílocá
|Ílocin
|Ílocábh
|Ílocibh
|Ílocina
|Aloc
|Éloc
|Alocibh
|Élocibh
|-
|This Reason
|That Reason
|This Other Reason
|These Reasons
|Those Reasons
|These Other Reasons
|Why?
|The Reason Which
|Why?
|Those Reasons Which...
|-
|Íd
|Ídá
|Ídin
|Ídábh
|Ídibh
|Ídina
|Ad
|Éd
|Adibh
|Édibh
|-
|This Way
|That Way
|This Other Way
|These Ways
|Those Ways
|These Other Ways
|How?
|How
|Which Ways?
|Those Methods Which...
|}
In Fén, Determiners double as pronouns if the meaning is of them is made clear. relative pronouns precede relative clauses, as in English. ex. "I will give my word to whoever merits it."

The initial determiner or proximal determiner, fills the role of both "this" and sometimes "the" in English, once established in a conversation the proximal determiner sticks and is used in cases even where "that" would be used in English by the other speaker.

The distal determiner serves to emphasize a contrast, thus would be used in sentences with a proximal determiner or shortly afterwards in order to posit some sort of relationship between the two or simple emphasize them in contrast to each other.

The alternative determiner is used in order to switch the proximal or distal determiner. Where in English this doesn't receive any special emphasis, in Fén the first time the subject which the term "this" refers to in a conversation is changed, an "Alternative Determiner" is used, in order to show as much.

''Ígelá'' and ''ígel'' see much less use than the simpler pronouns, such as "lo" but in written word, they might follow in the sentence after a relative pronoun, though ''lo'' in that case is also acceptable and more common. ''Ígel'' may be used in a sense similar to "on" in French or "one" in English.

===Quantifying determiners===

{| class= "bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="125"|Fén Ghír
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|English
|-
|Tol Med (ba) [Noun]
|Enough (of)
|-
|Tol (ba)[Noun]
|All (of)
|-
|Ró Lú ba [Noun]
|Too Much of
|-
|Lú (ba) [Noun]
|Many/(Much of)
|-
|Ra (ba) [Noun]
|Some (of)
|-
|Éna (ba)[Noun]
|Few (of)
|-
|Ró Éna ba [Noun]
|Too Few
|-
|Ne Én (ba) [Noun]
|None
|}

It should be noted that these do not cause a noun to pluralize.

On their own, these give an amount of something that one possesses, when a possessive ''ba'' is inserted then it's a quantity of the total and is used similarly to the difference in English between "A lot" and "A lot of".

There are two import cases that this can precede Cídér and Fabhan.
*If preceding Cídér it is a general statement on how likely something is, literally how much possibility it has. "Éna ba cídér" is "rarely".
*If preceding Fabhan it refers both how long until something occurs and how often something occurs; "(Lé bhé dén dir) Ne Én Fabhan (cur ít)" Means "(This will be done in) No Time" while "''(Bhé dén dir) Ne Én '''ba''' Fabhen (cur ít)'" means "This was never done" or more literally "This is done none of the time".

===Verb and noun phrases===
Fén language branches leftwards on Verb/Noun Phrases. Adjectives, Adverbs and Possessive precede the Verb/Noun.

====Verb phrase====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:100px;"
|+Verb Branching Order
! width="100"|Temporal Auxiliary verbs
! width="100"|Adverbs
! width="100"|Mood Auxiliary verbs
! width="100"|Quantity Adverb
! width="100"|Verb
|}
+Quantity in this case refers to the number of times an action is performed rather than the number of people performing it; "Hit twice" would be used rather than "Hit two times"

Verbs are modified by the adjectives preceding them and since grammatically an adjective can often be used as a noun and vica versa, the noun in a verb phrase has the first possible consonant aspirated and always precedes either a preposition or if it is a part of a list, a subcoupla.

Verbs are followed by the Subject [Accusative Noun]. In cases where the division is unclear [due to the verb doubling as a temporal adverb for example] is when the preposition "ag" is used to make the Accusative.

====Noun phrase====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
|+Noun Phrase Branching
! width="100"|Preposition*
! width="100"|Adjective for Gen. Noun
! width="100"|Genative Noun
! width="100"|Genative Preposition
! width="100"|Adjective
! width="100"|Quantity
! width="100"|Noun
! width="100"|Determiner
|}
Nouns work in a manner similar to verbs. A particular quality in nouns is that they are either preceded by a preposition, a relative determiner, a subcoupla or the end of the sentence.

====Lenition====
If a noun or verb is preceded by number, adjectives or an adverb, then lenition occurs in the first consonant.

Sight->''''Cím''''

Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)->"''Pél '''ch'''ím.''"

Very dark sight-> ''''Bér pél '''ch'''ím''"

===Copula===
A Sentence may begin with a Copula, this gives the context of whether the sentence is positive, negative or comparative.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
|+Copula
! width="30%"|Copula
! width="70%"|English
|-
|An
|It is that...
|-
|Ach
|Is it that...
|-
|En
|It is not that...
|-
|Ech
|Is it not that...
|-
|In
|If it is (...), then it is(...)
|-
|Ich
|Is it that if (...), then (...)
|-
|On
|If it is (...), then (...) is not.
|-
|Och
|Is it that if it is (...), then (...) is not.
|}
'An' is often dropped if the speaker feels that the sentences are clearly divided by his tone. Someone speaking fast, with an accent or with a complicated sentence and meaning, will use "An". Writers will use it to create a sense of formality, especially in accounts and reports. Sometimes it will be added in order to emphasize the division or contrast with the between to sentences. In English it might be directly translated as "Yet" or "Though", but it can also be used in a formal list prefacing important items, where "Therefore" or "Thus" could be used.

These serve as basic contrasts and correlatives, In and On are often used to imply causality between two sentences though technically only state the correlation of two clauses. Depending on the truth value of a the first sentence, it can either be a causal "thus" statement or a conditional "if" statment.

====Subcopula====
Subcopula are for individual causes of negatives or causal statements within verb or noun phrases that do not affect the truth value of the entire sentence.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
|+Subcopula
! width="30%"|Subcopula
! width="70%"|English
|-
|Na
|It is that...
|-
|Cha
|Is it that...
|-
|Ne
|It is not that...
|-
|Che
|Is it not that...
|-
|Ni
|If it is (...), then it is(...)
|-
|Chi
|Is it that if (...), then (...)
|-
|No
|If it is (...), then (...) is not.
|-
|Cho
|Is it that if it is (...), then (...) is not.
|}

===Grammatical order===

Fén syntax is relatively flexible in principle; each noun phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. There is a strong sense of natural order in the language, which is as follows;


Using these terms, the Fén sentence order becomes;
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|+Prepositional Clause/Order Order
! width="100"|Relative Determiner
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Verb
! width="100"|Direct Object
! width="100"|Indirect Object
! width="100"|Subject
! width="100"|Locative [Clause]
! width="100"|Temporal [Clause]
! width="100"|Causal [Clause]
! width="100"|Perspective [Clause]
|}


====Verbal clauses====
Verbs are given tenses in a fashion similar to English; Have, Is or Go precede the verb in various orders to give it a tense.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
|+Auxilary Verbs, Time & Mood
! width="30%"|Tense
! width="25%"|Fén
! width="25%"|English
! width="20%"|Adverb Type
|-
|Present
|[Verb]
|[Verb]
|Temporal
|-
|Present Progressive
|Té [Verb]
|[Be] [Verb]ing
|Temporal
|-
|Simple Past
|Bhé [Verb]
|[Verb]ed
|Temporal
|-
|Past Progressive
|Bhé Té [Verb]
|Was [Verb]ing
|Temporal
|-
|Future Simple
|Lé [Verb]
|Will [Verb]
|Temporal
|-
|Future Progressive
|Lé Té [Verb]
|Will be [Verbing]
|Temporal
|-
|Conditional
|Med
|Would
|Mood
|-
|Subjunctive
|Tel
|May
|Mood
|-
|Obligatory
|Cún
|Must
|Mood
|}

All adverbs not listed here are categorized as "Other". These adverbs make up the majority and do not describe the Mood, Voice or Time of an object.

It shoud also be noted in that Adverbal order is important particularly in terms of mood and voice adverbs;

Where adverbs precede the order of the mood adverb, that mood or voice adverb is affected rather than the verb itself.

Perfective verbs are expressed with time [cébh/cóbh]

Rather than exhaustively provide examples over the list, 
:{|
| colspan="2"| "'''''Rún re me di.''''"
|-
| colspan="2"| /run rɛ mɛ dɪ/
|-
|Rún||re||me||di
|-
|love||{{sc|2s}}||{{sc|sbj}}||{{sc|1s}} 
|-
|colspan="6"|''I love you.''
|}

:{|
| colspan="2" | "'''''Té rún ít me di.'''''"
|-
| colspan="2"| /te run it mɛ dɪ/
|-
|té||rún||ít||me||di
|-
|{{sc|prg}}||love||it||{{sc|sbj}}||{{sc|1s}}
|-
|colspan="6"|Either "''I'm loving it.''" or "''It is the case that I love it''"
|}

:{|
| colspan="2" | "'''''Med bhé rún re me di'''''"
|-
| colspan="2" | /mɛd ve run rɛ mɛ dɪ/
|-
|med||bhé||rún||re||me||di
|-
|{{sc|cnd}}||{{sc|pst}}||love||{{sc|2s}}||{{sc|subj}}||{{sc|1s}}
|-
|colspan="6"|"''I wish I had loved you.''"
|}

:{|
| colspan="2" | "'''''Bhé té med rún re me di cébh bhocá.'''''"
|-
| colspan="2" | /ve te mɛd run rɛ mɛ dɪ cev wɑka:/
|-
|bhé||té||med||rún||re||me||di||cébh||bhocá||
|-
|{{sc|pst}}||{{sc|prg}}||{{sc|cnd}}||love||{{sc|2s}}||{{sc|subj}}||{{sc|1s}}||before||then
|-
|colspan="6"|"''I had wanted to love you until then.''"
|}

====Vocative noun phrase====

The person who is being addressed usually precedes the rest of the sentence. This is particularly used when addressing to get their attention someone;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Dóthan, bhoc íc.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /do'han, wɑk ic /
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Dóthan.VOC</small>
|<small>bhoc</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|Joan
|Come
|Here
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''Joan, come here.''"
|}

It may also be worked into the sentence, preceding the subject, re [thou], ré [you] or dé [we]. This is used to clarify or single out a subject;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Bhoc íc me Dóthan re?''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /Wɑk ic mɛ do'han rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhoc</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dóthan-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Come</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Joan.VOC-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''Come here, Joan.''"
|}

===Nomative noun phrase===

This is the subject or actor in a sentence. It usually comes around the end of a sentence, unless the location or time of the action is being framed.

Nomative nouns are marked with "me".

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "Bhé chím lírod me Dim."
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lir'ɑd mɛ dɪm/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>lírod</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dim</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Jim.VOC</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "Jim saw the ball."
|}

It should be noted that in "to be" sentences [which use té as the principle verb] there is usually no agent or actor. This is covered in the "té" section.

====Accusative noun phrase====

Accusative nouns are the direct objects of the sentence, which follow the verbs immediately. They are identified largely by syntax as they follow the verb immediately. There is a vestigal "ag" but this is not used except in rare cases of ambiguity.

====Indirect noun phrases====

This refers to most cases of indirect objects which usually immediately follow Accusative nouns. In this category are both dative and instrumental. The difference between the two being order alone; Dative follows after Accusative, while Instrumental and Relative will follow after Dative or the relevant noun.

====Framing noun phrases====

These are similar to a dependant clauses in English, though necessarily not conditional; these frame the place, time and reason why an action happened as well as an original source. It should be noted that if a place is part of the action or only partial, then that place should be either a Accusative/Dative [I went to the field] or relative [I went to the person who was at the field].

*Instrumental phrase; Objects which are used as instruments in order to perform an action.
*Locative phrase; Objects which indicate where the action is taking place.
*Temporal phrase; Objects which indicate when the action is taking place. Closely related to Locative.
*Causal phrase; Objects which indicate for what reason an action is taking place.
*Perspective phrase; Object which is the source of the information.

The above four are markers for dependant clauses which frame the action and thus typically come after the noun. For poetic reasons or reasons of suspence, these may be shifted about just as in English. 

====Prepositional relations in Fén====


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
|+Prespositions
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="30%"|English
! width="40%"|Type
|-
|Me
|
|Nomative
|-
|Ag
|
|Accusative
|-
|Nér
|Against
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Dó
|From
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Del
|To
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Debh
|Towards
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Rel
|Than
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Cun
|Like
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Rú
|By
|Instrumental
|-
|Cór
|Under
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|-
|Ce
|Over
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|-
|Cu
|In[to]
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|-
|Tonúr
|Around
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|-
|Núr
|Near
|Accusative/Dative/Locative/Temporal
|-
|Nédén
|Opposite
|Locative
|-
|Cóbh
|Before
|Locative/Temporal
|-
|Cébh
|After
|Locative/Temporal
|-
|Cur
|At/During
|Locative/Temporal
|-
|Pon
|For/Because of
|Causal
|-
|Tén+++
|According
|Subjective
|}

====Prepositional Application====

===== Ce, Cu & Cór =====

Words following Cór are the ones which are "under" the words preceding it while similarly, those following Ce are the ones over the subject. This is applied consistantly within Fén.

Thus if someone were in an unfortunate, horse related, accident and wanted to signal their location they would say,

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té líren cór di!''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te lirɛn kor dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|<small>cór</small>
|<small>di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>Horse</small>
|<small>Under-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I'm under a horse!"
|}

Or alternatively, if asked why she wasn't helping to clear the wreckage, a quicker witted survivor might declare

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''pon éloc té di ce líren''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /pɑn elɑk dɪ sɛ lirɛn/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-éloc</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>ce</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Because</small>
|<small> the.reason.that</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>over-</small>
|<small>-horse</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "Because there is a horse on top of me"
|}

If soldier participating in the Trojan Wars had a dim witted friend looking around the camp for him, he might find context to utter such a phrase as,

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''té di cu líren''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ sɛ kʊ lirɛn/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>cu-</small>
|<small>-líren</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>in-</small>
|<small>-horse</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I am in the horse."
|}

In addition to this ''cór'', ''cu'' and ''ce'' have more metaphorical uses as well. 

''Cór'' is often used to refer to qualities, particularly transient ones, which are related to an object. 

''Cu'' is used for a more existential link between objects, one not related to qualities but rather something inseparable to person proper. Often the phrases in which ''cu'' are used, rather than ''cór'' are ones which make use of a determiner and make a statement about being a '''particular''' thing rather than having a certain quality (or set there of).

''Ce'' by contrast is may be used in to refer to a subject of an action or discussion, like how we would look ''at'' something or talk ''about'' something.

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té balin rinob cór tílan ít''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te balɪn rɪnob kor tilan it/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>balin-</small>
|<small>-rinob</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>weak-</small>
|<small>-writing</small>
|<small>under-</small>
|<small>-book-</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "This book is poorly written"
|}

compared to,

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té  tílan ít ce balin rinob''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te tilan it ce balɪn rɪnob/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>tílan-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-balin-</small>
|<small>-rinob</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>book-</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|<small>over-</small>
|<small>-bad-</small>
|<small>-writing</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''This book is about poor writing''"
|}

If one were to maintain the order and say, ''Té balin rinob ce tílan ít'', it would be interpreted as "[There] is bad writing on this book" which would be a strange construction but it could be interpreted as meaning "The reviews of this book are poorly done" [though that would generally be pluralized to "''rinoba''" or "writings"].

Finally, cu can play two roles here, first is if "weak writing" is not followed by a determiner, in which case it retains the more general meaning of in;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té balin rinob cu tílan ít.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te balɪn rɪnob ku tilan it/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>balin-</small>
|<small>-rinob</small>
|<small>cu-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>weak-</small>
|<small>-writing</small>
|<small>in-</small>
|<small>-book-</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "There is bad writing in this book."
|}

Which conveys that part of the book, though not all of it, contains weak or poor writing. However under other circumstances, cu serves to mark two things as fundamentally inseparable. For this an absent minded Dóthan looking over some old notes and remarking what tripe it is, Dim if he were in the room, might declare to her;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té balin bhérinob ronéb ítá cu tílan ít.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te balɪn verɪnob rɑneb ita: ku tilan it/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>balin-</small>
|<small>-bhe-</small>
|<small>rinob</small>
|<small>ronéb</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>cu-</small>
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-rinoba</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>weak-</small>
|<small>Aux.PST.Adj-</small>
|<small>-Write.Adj-</small>
|<small>-tripe-</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|<small>in-</small>
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-writings</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "This badly written tripe is your [own] notes!"
|}

One final point with these particular prepositions, which does carry over to others, is that there is an important difference between the accusative/dative and locative sense of these prepositions. Those that precided the subject, are accusative or dative and those that follow are locative.

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Bhé lé ce genem me Dacob.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le sɛ gɛnɛm mɛ dakɑb/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-genem</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dacob</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Aux.PST-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>-Bridge</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Jacob</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "Jacob went over the bridge"
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Bhé lé me Dacob ce genem.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le sɛ gɛnɛm mɛ dakɑb/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dacob</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-genem</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Aux.PST-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Jacob</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>-Bridge</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "While over the bridge, Jacob went."
|}

=====Del, Do & Debh=====

These mostly relate to the English use of "To", "From" and "Towards" though there are some exceptions which will be covered as I remark on them.

=====Rel & Cun=====

Rel and Cun are comparatives, roughly analogous to "than" and "like". These prepositions follow after the thing they thing they compare.

An example of this might be gleamed from a conversation between Paruc & Donil meeting their friend after his first day of work as a stable hand;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Cím lo cun balin lúdhí líren ba gér'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /sim lɑ kʊn balɪn luʒi lirɛn ba ger/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>cím</small>
|<small>lo</small>
|<small>cun</small>
|<small>balin</small>
|<small>lúdhí</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|<small>ba</small>
|<small>gér</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>look</small>
|<small>3S</small>
|<small>like</small>
|<small>weak</small>
|<small>old</small>
|<small>horse</small>
|<small>POSS</small>
|<small>spit</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''He looks like a tired old horse's spit."
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Ra fabhen cím ígel cun ne lo cu ícá cébh ghal ba góbhar.'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ra favɛn sim igɛl kʊn nɛ lɑ kʊ ika sev ɣal ba govar/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>ra-</small>
|<small>-fabhen</small>
|<small>cím</small>
|<small>ígel</small>
|<small>cun</small>
|<small>ne</small>
|<small>lo</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>ícá</small>
|<small>cébh</small>
|<small>ghal-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-góbhar</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>rarely-</small>
|<small>-time</small>
|<small>see</small>
|<small>4S</small>
|<small>like</small>
|<small>not</small>
|<small>him</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>there</small>
|<small>after</small>
|<small>day-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-work</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''It's rare that one doesn't look like him after a day's work there."
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Bhen bér thé lo rel di''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"|  /vɛn ber he lɑ rel dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhen</small>
|<small>bér</small>
|<small>thé</small>
|<small>lo</small>
|<small>rel</small>
|<small>di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>more</small>
|<small>good</small>
|<small>is</small>
|<small>3S</small>
|<small>than</small>
|<small>me</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''Better him than me.''"
|}
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''En bhé bhen bér ghír me di (rel re)'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"|  /ɛn ve vɛn ber ɣir mɛ dɪ (rɛl rɛ)/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>en</small>
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>bhen</small>
|<small>bér</small>
|<small>ghír</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>rel</small>
|<small>re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>neg</small>
|<small>past</small>
|<small>more</small>
|<small>good</small>
|<small>say</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>than</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I could not have said it better (than you)''"
|}

=====Rú & Núr=====

Rú indicates a method or tool used to accomplish a task was done with [not "bhe"] rather than person who did it or what one is near. 

Núr meanwhile fills the purpose of "near" or when one is "by" something else.



{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú ad me re cur ébhéci bhé dénelé me re cu tílan lodénen?''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ad rɛ cʊr evesi ve denɛle mɛ rɛ cʊ tilan lɑdenɛn/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhél</small>
|<small>rú</small>
|<small>ad</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>cur</small>
|<small>ébhéci</small>
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhénelé</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>tílan</small>
|<small>-lodénen</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\Live</small>
|<small>by</small>
|<small>way.inq</small>
|<small>aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|<small>during</small>
|<small>time.rel</small>
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\trapped</small>
|<small>aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>book</small>
|<small>store</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "How did you survive when you were trapped in the book store?"
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú éd teg gír ba tílana núr íca me di.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ed tɛg gir ba te tilana nur ica mɛ dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhél</small>
|<small>rú</small>
|<small>éd</small>
|<small>teg</small>
|<small>gír-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>núr</small>
|<small>ícá</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\Live</small>
|<small>By</small>
|<small>Way.Rel</small>
|<small>Eat</small>
|<small>Langauge-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Book-</small>
|<small>-PL</small>
|<small>Near</small>
|<small>There</small>
|<small>Aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I survived by eating nearby language textbooks."
|}

=====Tonúr, Núr & Cu=====
Tonúr, Núr and Cu can at times serve similar but distinct roles. This section serves to clarify both the different between them and the general use of all of them.

An important distinction between English and Fén is that ''tonúr'' refers more specifically towards "fencing" or setting up a barrier around something, encircling might be a slightly closer term in this sense. Meanwhile less strict sense of "surround" is filled by ''cu''.

Thus, a Fén Comic Book villain who's been ambushed by heroes might shout to his henchmen during battle;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té di tonúr léníma ítibh.'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ nur le'nim'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>tonúr</small>
|<small>léním-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>ítá</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>surrounded.by</small>
|<small>idiot-</small>
|<small>-pl</small>
|<small>these</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm encircled by these idiots!"
|}

While after defeat, he might bemoan the incompetance of his henchmen by shouting

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té di cu léníma.'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ kʊ le'nim'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>léním-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>idiot-</small>
|<small>-pl</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm surrounded by idiots!"
|}

=====Nédén & Nér=====

Fairly different but have an similar inherent contrast to them.

''Nér'' is used in the sense of something which resists the action; You fight against someone or hit a book against a table. "Del'' is an alternative, at least dialectically; "Fight to him" or "Hit book to table" but it's a weaker contrast and can lead to ambiguity; "I raced north against you" using "del" rather than "nér" could also mean "I raced northwards to you".

Nédén is something facing another thing, especially from opposite a threshold. It's more complex in terms of when it is used, but is also rare.

====Cóbh, Cébh & Cur====

Relatively self-explanitory. May expand on the difference [of lack there of] between time/place but it seems pretty well congruent to English. 

''Cóbh'' may be used to mean before or until, which one it is depends entirely on whether the verb is progressive. A non-progressive verb simples means "I did it before", progressive means "I was doing it until...". 

The difference for the others is less noticable, with cur it simply implies a process that began before and will end after. Cébh implies that one will have already been doing the thing at this point, "I will have a drink after you left" vs. "I will be drinking after you're old and grey" [usually used to imply "still" in this sense, but not necessarily].

=====Pon & Tén=====

Not overly complicated but give a reason and a point of view.

First to note is that pon is followed with ''éloc'' when the reason is a subclause [which is most of the time] an example would be, "I did this because of what you said before". It isn't when it is followed by a single word or noun-phrase, thus "I did this for you" or "You should have done it for that reason" would omit ''éloc''

Tén is something that would be translated as "According to" or something along those lines, it makes the sentance subjective to a degree.

*1S: Used to subjectify, "I think".
*1P: Used to clarify or expound on rhetoric, "We say that..."
*2S/P: Used to clarify "You're saying?", "You said" [ie. "You said X previously!"].
*3S/P: Used to subjectify, "According to him..."
*4S/P (Ígel/ibh): Used to generalize, "Its said that..."

====Other prepositions====
=====Ba=====
Ba is a possessive Marker, which until any other preposition in Fén is preceded the genative case that it creates and further is unique in that it may appear at any point in the syntax relative to other prepositions without altering the meaning of it

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Bhé thal del '''re''' ba <u>bélém</u> me lo.''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve hal dɛl rɛ ba belem mɛ lo/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-thal</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-bélém</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Walk</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-House</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-3S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''She went to your house.''"
|}


=====Bhe (ne)=====

Bhe is like "Ba" remarkable in that it can occur anywhere in syntax. However, the word it marks, unlike Ba, follows it.


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Bhé chím lo ébéci lé me lo me '''ún''' <u>bhe ginebh</u>''.
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ ebesi le mɛ un vɛ gɪnev/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ginebh</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-Flowers</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"The '''girl''' <u>with flowers</u> when he left.''
|}

A "ne" preceding the bhe marks it as a negative, and thus should be translated as "without".


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé chím lo ba lé me ún <u>bhe ne</u> ban ghinebh.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ e'bes'i le mɛ un vɛ nɛ ban ɣɪn'ev/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ne-</small>
|<small>-ban-</small>
|<small>-ghinebh</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-NEG-</small>
|<small>-Red-</small>
|<small>-N\Flowers</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"'''''The girl''' <u>without</u> red flowers saw when he left.''"
|}

===Fén and clauses===
In Fén a great deal of focus are put upon various clauses in a sentence. There are three basic types which occur for different reasons;

====Primary clauses====

These are essentially a full sentence on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentences on their own and follow typical word order;
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Verb
! width="100"|Object
! width="100"|Indirect Object
! width="100"|Subject
|}

''I give you the ball.''

becomes;

''Bél lirod del re me di.''

====Dependent clauses====

In Fén there are two types of dependent clauses which are quite distinct from eachother. One depends upon the initial copula, which often make the rest of the sentence dependant on them. These sorts of sentences involve two full clauses, where the second is dependent on the first;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|<u>"''On bhé dhir re ba ghóbhar me re</u>, tel lec ra ba délag me re.''''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir rɛ ba ʒo'wɑr mɛ rɛ, tɛl lɛk ra ba de'lag mɛ rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>re-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-Góbhar</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>-lec</small>
|<small>ra-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-délag</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>You-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Work</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Drink</small>
|<small>Some-</small>
|<small>-Of-</small>
|<small>-Whiskey</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''<u>If you finished your work</u>, you can have some of the whiskey..''
|}

The other form of dependant clause in Fén is one which rather than describe a distinct action that the first is dependant on, rather describe the context in which the action takes place. These invovles reasons, adding perspective to a statement or giving the time/place a sentence takes place in. These Clauses begin preposition and end either the whole sentence or else with another clause marking another dependant clause:

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''On bhé dhir tol ít me di <u>pon re.</u>''.''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir tɑl it rɛ pɑn rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>tol-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>All-</small>
|<small>-This</small>
|<small>For-</small>
|<small>-You</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|''I did all of this <u>for you</u>''.
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Lé lé lúran me di <u>cur cédhina.</u>''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /le le lur'an mɛ dɪ kʊr se'ʒɪn'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>lé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>lúran</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>cur-</small>
|<small>-cédhina</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
|<small>-FTR.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>South</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-I</small>
|<small>During-</small>
|<small>-Winter</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm going to go south <u>during winter</u>.''"
|}

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé bhé ghobhár bhe bhen dhénil rel íc me di <u>ce tegír.</u>''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ve ɣo'wa:r vɛ vɛn ʒen'ɪl rɛl ik mɛ dɪ sɛ tɛg'ir/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-ghobhár</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-bhen-</small>
|<small>-dhénil</small>
|<small>rel-</small>
|<small>-íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-tegír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Work</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-More-</small>
|<small>-Weight</small>
|<small>Than-</small>
|<small>-Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>On-</small>
|<small>-Farm</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''<u>At the farm</u>, we used to work harder than here.''"
|}

In some cases there may be multiple dependant clauses;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Lé chím re me di '''ce teghír''' <u>cur cédhina bhoci</u>.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /le xim rɛ mɛ dɪ sɛ te'ɣir kʊr se'ʒɪn'a wɑsɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-ghobhár</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-bhen-</small>
|<small>-dhénil</small>
|<small>rel-</small>
|<small>-íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-tegír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Work</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-More-</small>
|<small>-Weight</small>
|<small>Than-</small>
|<small>-Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>On-</small>
|<small>-Farm</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|'"'I will see you <u>this winter</u> '''at the farm'''.''"
|}

The order in these dependant clauses is usually: Locative-Temporal-Causal-Perspective.

====Relative clauses====
In Fén relative clauses are rather common and often mark another action within the sentence. These begin with a relative determiner, however there are no strict rules on there ending. Verbally this is usually distinguished by tone, while writers may use commas or expect their readers to understand based off of context. 'ci and 'cibh are gaining popularity as verb and written endings in some faster speaking dialects, but are not yet considered standard in Fén.

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé ralat del elin <u>ét bhé cuc di ba tenír</u>''".
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ra'lat dɛl ɛ'lɪn et ve kʊk dɪ ba tɛ'nir/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-ralat</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-elin-</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-cuc</small>
|<small>di-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-tenír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Shout</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Woman-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Took</small>
|<small>1S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Bread</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''I shouted at the woman <u>who took my bread</u>.''"
|}

These relative clauses can sometimes be worked into the shorter form of dependant clauses to express cause which is something rare in English, the result is something like this;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé lé lodénen me dí <u>pon éloc léc gínemel cípa.</u>''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le dɛl lɑ'den'ɛn mɛ di pɑn e'lɑk lek gin'ɛm'ɛl cip'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del</small>
|<small>-lodénen</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-dí</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-éloc</small>
|<small>léc</small>
|<small>gínemel-</small>
|<small>-chíp-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Store</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-3P</small>
|<small>For</small>
|<small>Get</small>
|<small>Fishing-</small>
|<small>-N\Needs-</small>
|<small>-P</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''We went to the store <u>to get fishing supplies</u>.''"
|}

Although, it could also be expressed with dependant clause using a conditional copula;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''<u>On bhé chíp gínemel chípa me dí</u>, bhé lé del lodénen me dí.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve xip gin'ɛm'ɛl xip'a mɛ di, ve le dɛl lɑ'den'ɛn mɛ di/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>On</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-chíp</small>
|<small>gínemel-</small>
|<small>-chíp-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-dí</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-lódénen</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Need</small>
|<small>Fishing-</small>
|<small>-N\Supply</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1P</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Store</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1P</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''<u>As we needed fishing supplies</u>, we went to the store.''"
|}

It is also important to note that perhaps more often than in English, these relatively clauses may build on top of eachother;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé lé del alon <u>ét bhé lodén gérul del alon '''ét bhé ghír del di cur bhéghal.'''</u> me di.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le dɛl a'lɑn et lɑ'den ge'rʊl dɛl a'lɑn et gir dɛl dɪ  kʊr we'ɣal mɛ dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lodén</small>
|<small>gérul</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-ghír</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>cur-</small>
|<small>-bhégal</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Sold</small>
|<small>Boat</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Speaking</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Me</small>
|<small>During-</small>
|<small>-Yesterday</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"I went to the man <u>who sold the boat to the guy '''who talked to me yesterday'''</u>''."
|}

Subcoupla follow the relative determiner that starts the clause;

{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Tel thé peloc cór alon <u>égal ne bél bér cór ígel ba bénana</u>.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /Tɛl he pɛl'ɑk kor alɑn e'gɑl nɛ bel ber kor i'gɛl ba ben'an'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>-thé</small>
|<small>peloc</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-égal</small>
|<small>ne-</small>
|<small>-bél</small>
|<small>bér</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-ígel-</small>
|<small>ba-</small>
|<small>-bénan-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Be</small>
|<small>Curse-</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>Neg-</small>
|<small>-Gives</small>
|<small>Good</small>
|<small>Over--</small>
|<small>-3S.Det-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Friend-</small>
|<small>-P</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"Let him be cursed who does not do good for his friends"'</u>''."
|}

===Other features===

====Pluralization====
*a is added to a verb to pluralize it if it ends in a consonant, if it ends with a vowel, bh (to pronounced as a "v" rather than a "w") is used. If an uncountable quantifier is used before it (Many, Few, Some), it is not pluralized. Noun-Adjective/Verb-Adverb.

Snake->''Neren''

Snakes->''Neren'''a'''''

Mountain->''Nila''

Mountains->''Nila'''bh'''''

====Diminutive====

*-íg can be added to the end of a word to emphasize smallness or cuteness.
*bé- may be used as as a slightly more respectful form amongst friends, essentially meaning "my good..."

"Michael"->"Mikey"

"Mical"->"Micalíg"/"Micíg".

===Notable features===

====Yes/No====
The Fén language does not have a term for yes or no but rather will reply with an shortened affirmative or negative, most simply, "''Té ít''"or a fitting determiner depending on the situation.

"''En té ít'''"-Negative.
"''An té ít"'' -Double Negative [Similar to French "si"]

====Té====
There is no active noun clauses with the verb Té. Instead an accusative object is either confirmed as existing, compared to another object or positioned around on.

This makes sentences take a rather passive appearance compared to English particularly when it comes to describing qualities, which Fén divide into 3 categories;

==Vocabulary==

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;""
|+Phrasebook
! width="30%"|English
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="40%"|IPA
|-
|Hello
|''Bér cór re.''
|/ber kor rɛ /
|-
|How are you?
|''Ach té ét cór re''
| /ax te et kor rɛ/
|-
|I am well.
|''Té bér cór di''
|/te ber kor dɪ/
|-
|What is your name?
|''Té fémoc at cór re''
|/te femɑk at kor rɛ/
|-
|It is ______
|''Té ______ me ít.''
|/te ______ mɛ it/
|-
|A pleasure to meet you.
|''Níl bér me én chím ít cór di''
|/nil ber mɛ en xim it kor dɪ
|-
|Please...
|''Och dir bér me re cór di...''
|/ɑx dɪr ber mɛ re kor dɪ/
|-
|Thank you
|''Tel thé bér cór re''
|/tɛl he ber kor rɛ/
|-
|You’re welcome
|''Tel thé lú bér cór re''
|/tel hɛ lu ber kor rɛ/
|-
|Good bye
|''Gar re me Úlana''
|/gar rɛ mɛ ulana/
|-
|I don’t speak Fayn well
|''En tel bér fén ghír me di''
|/ɛn tɛl ber fen ɣir mɛ dɪ/
|-
|Do you speak (the English) language"
|''Ach tel ghír (Sasana) me re?"
| /ax tɛl ɣir (sasana) mɛ rɛ/
|-
|"Can one of you speak (English)?"
|Ach tel ghír (Sasana) me én bhe ré?"
| /ax tɛl ɣir (sasana) mɛ en vɛ rɛ/
|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
|+Naming Dictionary
|-
! Fén Name !! Origin !! Additional Notes !! Alternatve Forms/Diminuitive
|-
| Donil || Uncertain: "From On High" or "Strong Sword" || Neut, usually Masc. || Doníg
|-
| Paruc || Shortened from Parichuc, "Hound Keeper" || Neut, usually Masc. || Paríg
|-
| Bénagén || "Friend of Génibh" || Neut. || Géníg
|-
| Bénalút || "Friend of Félut" || Neut. || Lútíg
|-
| Bémhed || "Great Will" || Neut. || Bemhíg
|-
| Conímhoc || "Strong Word" || Neut || Coním, Coníg
|-
| Bémhoc || "Good Word" || Neut, Southern Mostly || Bémhíg
|-
| Lúdhícím || "Old Dream" || Neut, Northern and Highlands || Dícíg
|-
| Fínog || "Ash Son" || Masc. Rare example of Infixing in Fén || Fíníg
|-
| Ógilín || "Striving Son" or "Son of Strife" || Masc. || Ógíg
|-
| Pénil || "Dark Height" or "Black sword" || Neut|| Péníg
|-
| Bachéd || "Red Sky" || Neut, usually Fem || Bachíg
|-
| Meghécír || "Hopeful Song" || Neut || Meghécíg, Meghíg
|-
| Nímhul || "High Fate" || Neut || Nímhíg, Níg
|-
| Mochél || "Sharp Word" || Neut, usually Masc, "Poet" || Mochíg
|-
| Enerat || "Quiet [One]" || Neut || Eníg
|-
| Bacherel || "Red Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Bachíg, Baníg
|-
| Féréch || "Light/Fair Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Féríg
|-
| Pécherel || "Dark Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Pélíg
|-
| Lechín || "Sad Birth" || Neut, nickname for Orphans || Lígín
|-
| Fírér || "Swift Eye" || Neut || Fíríg
|-
| Gídhén || "Smith" || Usually Masc || Gídhíg
|-
| Échún || "One choice" || Neut || Échíg
|-
| Pélédún || "Daughter of Twilight" || Fem, rare Pélédín male form || Pélíg
|-
| Ditén || Lone One, After River || Neut, Southern || Ditíg
|-
| Béghénár || Great Genibh's Journey, After River || Neut || Béghíg
|-
| Letún || Sad Daughter, After River || Fem. || Létíg
|-
| Géfín || Weeping Son, After River || Masc. || Géfíg
|-
| Lúbhal || "Many Homes" || Neut || Lúbhíg
|-
| Medharuc  || "Keeper of Hopes" || Neut, alternate Form "Megharuc" || Medhar, Meghar, Medhíg
|-
| Rúlán || "Starlike Gem" || Neut, Another rare example of infixing || Rúlíg [Little Star]
|-
| Cédighar || "Keeper of Cédil" || Neut || Cédhigh, Cédíg
|-
| Férédhém || "Firey Path" || Neut || Férédh, Féríg
|}

===Additional Pages===

*[[Fén Ghír/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]]

[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category:Fén Ghír]]