View source for Wanya

{{infobox|name=Wanya|pronounce={{IPA|[ˈwan.ja]}}|tu=here and now|species=humans|no=1|script=alphabet|tree=isolate|wo=SVO|creator=[[User:Fenhl|Fenhl]]|date=from January 2011 onward|cals=wanya}}

'''Wanya''' is a conlang by [[User:Fenhl|Fenhl]]. It serves as his personal language.

==Phoneme inventory==

<div style="text-align: center;">
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=19 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Uvular ||colspan=2| Glottal
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || || || {{IPA|ŋ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || {{IPA|β}} || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}} || || {{IPA|ð}} || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}} || || || || || {{IPA|x}} || {{IPA|ɣ}} || || {{IPA|ʁ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || || || {{IPA|ɹ}} || || || || {{IPA|j}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || {{IPA|r}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}} || || || || {{IPA|ʎ}}
|}
</div>

* In syllable codas, {{IPA|[ʃ]}} replaces {{IPA|[s]}}.
* In syllable codas, {{IPA|[ʒ]}} replaces {{IPA|[z]}}.
* {{IPA|[β]}} and {{IPA|[ʙ]}} are in free variation.
* {{IPA|[ʁ]}} and {{IPA|[ʀ]}} are in free variation.

<div style="text-align: center;">
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|u}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || || || || || || || || || 
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || || || {{IPA|ɘ}} || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || 
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || {{IPA|ɛ}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɔ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || || 
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || {{IPA|a}}
|}
</div>

* In diphthongs, {{IPA|[ɪ]}} replaces {{IPA|[i]}}.
* In stressed syllables, {{IPA|[ɘ]}} and {{IPA|[e]}} are in free variation.
* In unstressed syllables, {{IPA|[ɘ]}} and {{IPA|[ə]}} are in free variation.
* {{IPA|[a]}} and {{IPA|[ɐ]}} are in free variation.

===Syllable structure===

The structure of Wanya syllables can be described in pseudo-awkwords-code as:

'''((C)(L)/A)V(V)(N)'''

with the following parameters:

* C=b/d/g/w/p/t/k/δ/β/v/z/γ/m/n/ŋ/f/s/x
* L=l/λ/ꝛ/r/ɹ/y
* A=pf/bv/ts/dz/kx/gγ
* V=u/a/e/o/i/ə
* N=m/n/ŋ/s/ts/z/dz

This pseudocode does not reflect the fact that a diphthong may not consist of two instances of the same vowel.

==Orthography==

Wanya's native script is an alphabet: each phoneme is represented by one of several letters. Normally the language is written in small letters, but the first letter of a name, and the first letter of the first word of the first sentence is a capital one. When a name consists of multiple words in the original language, it is written in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase PascalCase]. Abbreviations are written in all-caps. Consonants have two letters — the capital and small letter — and vowels have four letters — capital and small versions of the standard and diphthong letters. The diphthong letters are only used for the second vowel in a diphthong, e.g.  the i in rais would be represented by the small diphthong letter, while the ï in raïs would be represented by the small standard letter.

There are two romanizations: the Unicode-based romanization which always has exactly one letter for one sound (or letter in the native script), and the ASCII-friendly romanization which only uses Latin capital and small letters, spaces, and optionally punctuation marks. Here they are in comparison:

{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
 |-
 !colspan=6; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|Phoneme
 !colspan=6; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|Unicode-based
 !colspan=6|ASCII-friendly
 |-
 |colspan=2|b
 |colspan=2|d
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ɡ
 |Б
 |b
 |D
 |d
 |G
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|g
 |B
 |b
 |D
 |d
 |G
 |g
 |-
 |colspan=2|w
 |colspan=2|ɹ
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|j
 |W
 |w
 |Я
 |ɹ
 |Y
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|y
 |W
 |w
 |Ll
 |ll
 |J
 |j
 |-
 |colspan=2|p
 |colspan=2|t
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|k
 |P
 |p
 |T
 |t
 |K
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|k
 |P
 |p
 |T
 |t
 |K
 |k
 |-
 |colspan=2|ð
 |colspan=2|l
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ʎ
 |Δ
 |δ
 |L
 |l
 |Λ
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|λ
 |Dd
 |dd
 |L
 |l
 |Y
 |y
 |-
 |colspan=2|i
 |colspan=2|ɘ
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|u
 |I
 |i
 |Ǝ
 |ə
 |U
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|u
 |I
 |i
 |X
 |x
 |U
 |u
 |-
 |colspan=2|β
 |colspan=2|r
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ʁ
 |B
 |β
 |R
 |r
 |Ꝛ
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ꝛ
 |Bb
 |bb
 |Rr
 |rr
 |R
 |r
 |-
 |colspan=2|v
 |colspan=2|z
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ɣ
 |V
 |v
 |Z
 |z
 |Γ
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|γ
 |V
 |v
 |Z
 |z
 |Gg
 |gg
 |-
 |colspan=2|m
 |colspan=2|n
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ŋ
 |M
 |m
 |N
 |n
 |Ŋ
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ŋ
 |M
 |m
 |N
 |n
 |Nn
 |nn
 |-
 |colspan=2|f
 |colspan=2|s
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|x
 |F
 |f
 |S
 |s
 |X
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|x
 |F
 |f
 |S
 |s
 |Kk
 |kk
 |-
 |colspan=2|ɛ
 |colspan=2|a
 |colspan=2; style="border-right: 1px solid black"|ɔ
 |E
 |e
 |A
 |a
 |O
 |style="border-right: 1px solid black"|o
 |E
 |e
 |A
 |a
 |O
 |o
 |}

The Unicode-based romanization uses the diaeresis to indicate a vowel cluster, for example:

* rais [raɪʃ]
* raïs [ra.iʃ]
* kuäi [ku.aɪ]
* kuaï [kua.i]
* kuäï [ku.a.i]

Each example could theoretically be a different word. Kuai cannot be a Wanya word since triphthongs are not allowed.

Since the native alphabet doesn't use any punctuation marks, they are optional in the romanizations.

This article uses the Unicode-based romanization.

==Grammar==

* The basic sentence structure is SVO.
** The subject is left out when the verb is in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. (Unlike Spanish, not leaving the subject out for emphasis is very bad style.) Conversely, the 4th person requires the subject to be explicitly mentioned.
** the definition of a verb includes a list of thematic relation slots. Similarly to [[Lojban]], objects listed after the verb are assumed to have the thematic relation of their respective slots. In order to leave a single slot empty, insert the null object '''ŋi'''. For two or three empty slots, use '''ŋiŋi''' or '''ŋisti''', respectively.
* There is no number marking on nouns or verbs, i.e. no distinction between singular and plural.

===Verbs===

In Wanya there are two types of verbs which are inflected differently from each other. There are ''vowel verbs'', whose stems end on a vowel, and ''consonant verbs''. Wanya also has ''irregular verbs'': their stem ends on a vowel, but they are inflected like consonant verbs.

The infinite suffix is '''-nda''' for vowel verbs, and '''-onda''' for consonant verbs.

Verbs are inflected according to tense (present, future, past), modality (indicative, interrogative, imperative, declarative), and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th). If you count the two verb classes and the infinite forms in, that makes 98 different verb suffixes:

<div style="float: left; margin-right: 5px;">
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
 |-
 !colspan="2"|vv.
 !indicative
 !interrogative
 !imperatove
 !declarative
 |-
 !rowspan="4"|present
 !1
 |&nbsp;
 |λen
 |xiβ
 |t
 |-
 !2
 |s
 |y
 |γa
 |ts
 |-
 !3
 |ko
 |λ
 |γə
 |ŋa
 |-
 !4
 |&nbsp;
 |λa
 |x
 |t
 |-
 !rowspan="4"|future
 !1
 |lu
 |δu
 |mu
 |zu
 |-
 !2
 |te
 |d
 |mes
 |dz
 |-
 !3
 |ɹa
 |dam
 |ŋu
 |zi
 |-
 !4
 |l
 |t
 |mu
 |ze
 |-
 !rowspan="4"|past
 !1
 |do
 |gom
 |xud
 |β
 |-
 !2
 |nə
 |gə
 |ꝛə
 |bəs
 |-
 !3
 |ra
 |γa
 |lom
 |βa
 |-
 !4
 |d
 |ku
 |m
 |b
 |}
</div><div>
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
 |-
 !colspan="2"|vc.
 !indicative
 !interrogative
 !imperatove
 !declarative
 |-
 !rowspan="4"|present
 !1
 |u
 |ana
 |au
 |uvu
 |-
 !2
 |es
 |ais
 |ab
 |uves
 |-
 !3
 |o
 |em
 |ou
 |uvo
 |-
 !4
 |a
 |al
 |au
 |uf
 |-
 !rowspan="4"|future
 !1
 |ui
 |iyak
 |umo
 |uï
 |-
 !2
 |əi
 |ian
 |əmo
 |us
 |-
 !3
 |oi
 |iŋo
 |om
 |uyə
 |-
 !4
 |ai
 |i
 |ə
 |uz
 |-
 !rowspan="4"|past
 !1
 |ayat
 |ax
 |axud
 |abem
 |-
 !2
 |ət
 |əx
 |əxe
 |əb
 |-
 !3
 |ot
 |ol
 |olom
 |oβ
 |-
 !4
 |at
 |e
 |am
 |əb
 |}
</div>

===Adjectives===

Adverbs are to verbs what adjectives are to nouns, and Wanya treats them exactly this way.

==Vocabulary==

* '''bun''' — ''n.'' word
* '''bunɹa''' — ''adj.'' beautiful
* '''blanda''' — ''vv.'' to give sth. to sb.
* '''benonda''' — ''vc.'' to live
* '''baun''' — ''n.'' sheep
* '''duŋ''' — ''num.'' 2
* '''dꝛanda''' — ''vv.'' to work at sth.
* '''desa''' — ''n.'' bridge
* '''dana''' — ''nn.'' woman
* '''gəδə''' — ''n.'' glass
* '''wan''' — ''n.'' language
* '''ɹənda''' — ''vv.'' to exist
* '''yes''' — ''pron.'' 2nd person (you)
* '''ya''' — ''conj.'' by, from, of
* '''yoönda''' — ''vi.'' to greet sb.
* '''pəönda''' — ''vi.'' to throw sth. at sth.
* '''təmonda''' — ''vc.'' to write
* '''kala''' — ''n.'' list
* '''konda''' — ''vc.'' to have sth. swh.
* '''δə''' — ''conj.'' (together) with, containing, of
* '''la''' — ''pron.'' 3rd person (he/she/it/they)
* '''ista''' — ''num.'' 3
* '''uλan''' — ''adj.'' imaginary, nonexistant
* '''ꝛunda''' — ''vv.'' to hurt sb. using sth.
* '''viya''' — ''nn.'' violet (flower)
* '''vo''' — ''num.'' 1
* '''zəꝛanda''' — ''vv.'' to ride
* '''zuïyu''' — ''n.'' convention, standard, tradition
* '''γus''' — ''evid.'' can
* '''mau''' — ''evid.'' not
* '''mavin''' — ''adj.'' evil
* '''nyeŋ''' — ''adj.'' cheeky
* '''na''' — ''evid.'' hopefully
* '''ŋi''' — ''pron.'' null object
* '''ŋiŋi''' — ''pron.'' double null object
* '''ŋisti''' — ''pron.'' triple null object
* '''fa''' — ''num.'' 4
* '''fi''' — ''n.'' light
* '''fis''' — ''adj.'' happy
* '''faŋ''' — ''n.'' fish
* '''sinda''' — ''vv.'' to read sth. using sth.
* '''səe''' — ''num.'' 5
* '''xi''' — ''adj.'' green
* '''ani''' — ''anj.'' long
* '''oy''' — ''pron.'' 1st person (me/us)
* '''ompfonda''' — ''vc.'' to eat sth. using sth.

===abbreviations===

* ''adj.'' adjective
* ''conj.'' conjunction
* ''evid.'' evidential
* ''n.'' noun
* ''nn.'' noun and name
* ''num.'' number word
* ''pron.'' pronoun
* ''vc.'' consonant verb
* ''vi.'' irregular verb
* ''vv.'' vowel verb

* sb. somebody
* sth. something
* swh. somewhere

[[Category:Conlangs]]