View source for Hemackle vowel system

{| align="center" 
| colspan="4" align="center" | PGmc
| colspan="4" align="center" | Fris-Hm <sup>1</sup>
| colspan="4" align="center" | OHm
| colspan="4" align="center" | MHm
| colspan="4" align="center" | NHm
|- 
| colspan="4" | 
| colspan="4" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | Grave
| colspan="2" align="center" | Acute
| colspan="2" align="center" | Grave
| colspan="2" align="center" | Acute
| colspan="4" | 
|-
| colspan="4" | 
| colspan="4" | 
| colspan="4" | 
| colspan="4" | 
| open
| closed
| open 
| closed 
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | ī
| colspan="4" align="center" | ī
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìː<sub>1</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | iǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | əɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈiu<sup>2</sup>
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìu
| colspan="2" align="center" | iú
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìʊ̥ː<sub>1</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | iýː
| colspan="2" align="center" | əɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jəʏ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | i
| colspan="4" align="center" | i
| colspan="2" align="center" | ì
| colspan="2" align="center" | í
| colspan="2" align="center" | ì
| colspan="2" align="center" | í
| align="center" | i
| align="center" | ɪ / ‘əɪ̥’<sup>3</sup>
| align="center" | i
| align="center" | ɪ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ‘iu’<sup>2, 4</sup>
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘ìu’
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iú’
| colspan="2" align="center" | ì
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iý’
| align="center" | i
| align="center" | ɪ / ‘əɪ̥’<sup>3</sup>
| align="center" | jy
| align="center" | jʏ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | ē
| colspan="4" align="center" | ē
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìː<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | iǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈeo
| colspan="2" align="center" | èu
| colspan="2" align="center" | ió
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìʊ̥ː<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | iǿː
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jøʏ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | e
| colspan="4" align="center" | e
| colspan="2" align="center" | è
| colspan="2" align="center" | é
| colspan="2" align="center" | è
| colspan="2" align="center" | é
| align="center" | e
| align="center" | ɛ
| align="center" | e
| align="center" | ɛ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ‘eo’<sup>2, 4</sup>
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘èu’
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘ió’
| colspan="2" align="center" | è
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iǿ’
| align="center" | e
| align="center" | ɛ
| align="center" | jø
| align="center" | jœ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | eu
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈiu
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìu
| colspan="2" align="center" | iú
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìʊ̥ː<sub>1</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | iýː
| colspan="2" align="center" | əɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jəʏ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈeo
| colspan="2" align="center" | èu
| colspan="2" align="center" | ió
| colspan="2" align="center" | ìʊ̥ː<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | iǿː
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jøʏ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | ā
| colspan="4" align="center" | ā
| colspan="2" align="center" | àɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | əɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ̀ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ́ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐə̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐə̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | a
| colspan="4" align="center" | a
| colspan="2" align="center" | à
| colspan="2" align="center" | á
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ̀
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ́
| align="center" | ɐ
| align="center" | ʌ
| align="center" | ɐ
| align="center" | ʌ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | e
| colspan="12" align="left" | (''see'' '''e''' ''above'') 
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | ai
| colspan="4" align="center" | ā
| colspan="2" align="center" | àɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | əɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ̀ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ́ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐə̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐə̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ɛ̄
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛ̀ɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛ̀ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | iǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈɛɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛ̀ɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛ̀ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | iǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛɪ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | jɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈɛi
| colspan="2" align="center" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛí
| colspan="2" align="center" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | íː<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | iɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | au
| colspan="4" align="center" | ɔ̄
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɔ̀ɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɔ̀ɐ<sub>1</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɔə̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɐə̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | œ̄
| colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ<sub>1</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽ
| colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | œə̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ˈɔu
| colspan="2" align="center" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | uú
| colspan="2" align="center" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | úː<sub>1</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | 
| colspan="2" align="center" | uʊ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | ō
| colspan="4" align="center" | ō
| colspan="2" align="center" | òɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɔ̀ɐ<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɛʊ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɐə̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ø̄
| colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɔ̀ɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | œʏ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | o
| colspan="4" align="center" | o
| colspan="2" align="center" | ò
| colspan="2" align="center" | ó
| colspan="2" align="center" | ò
| colspan="2" align="center" | ó
| align="center" | o
| align="center" | ɔ
| align="center" | o
| align="center" | ɔ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ø
| colspan="2" align="center" | ø̀
| colspan="2" align="center" | ǿ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ø̀
| colspan="2" align="center" | ǿ
| align="center" | ø
| align="center" | œ
| align="center" | ø
| align="center" | œ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | ū
| colspan="4" align="center" | ū
| colspan="2" align="center" | ùɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́
| colspan="2" align="center" | ùː<sub>2</sub>
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́ː
| colspan="2" align="center" | əʊ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɐə̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | ȳ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳɐ
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳː
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː
| colspan="2" align="center" | əʏ̥
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | u
| colspan="4" align="center" | u
| colspan="2" align="center" | ù
| colspan="2" align="center" | ú
| colspan="2" align="center" | ù
| colspan="2" align="center" | ú
| align="center" | u
| align="center" | ʊ
| align="center" | u
| align="center" | ʊ
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | 
| colspan="4" align="center" | y
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ý
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳ
| colspan="2" align="center" | ý
| align="center" | y
| align="center" | ʏ
| align="center" | y
| align="center" | ʏ
|}

<sup>1</sup> Here we refer to a stage in the language's development when Frisian and Hemackle were sister dialects of the Ingvaeonic isogloss.<br>
<sup>2</sup> This is the result of PGmc <ī> in an environment which causes fracture.<br>
<sup>3</sup> Before a nasal in a closed syllable with Middle Hemackle grave accent, PGmc <nowiki><i></nowiki> becomes the diphthong <‘əɪ̥’>, a short diphthong sounded for one mora-length.<br>
<sup>4</sup> Here to denote a short, one mora-length diphthong, I'm using Voyles' notation.